![]() ![]() ![]() – Comfrey root: from tradition to modern clinical trials. – Comparative Assessment of Phytochemical Profiles of Comfrey (Symphytum officinale L.) Root Extracts Obtained by Different Extraction Techniques. ![]() – Symphytum Species: A Comprehensive Review on Chemical Composition, Food Applications and Phytopharmacology – Safety of medicinal comfrey cream preparations (Symphytum officinale s.l.): The pyrrolizidine alkaloid lycopsamine is poorly absorbed through human skin.ĭistilled Water, Conserves of the Flower, Conserve of the Root, Candied Root, Syrup of the Root, Extract of Comfrey (including the ‘Bloody Extract’), Powder, Decoction and Mucilage – Hepatotoxicity of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Compound Intermedine: Comparison with Other Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids and Its Toxicological Mechanism – Metabolism, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of comfrey. – The comparative toxicity of a reduced, crude comfrey (Symphytum officinale) alkaloid extract and the pure, comfrey-derived pyrrolizidine alkaloids, lycopsamine and intermedine in chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus). – Oral toxicity study of certain plant extracts containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids The authors stated " Based on these case reports, the evidence of harm caused by these plants is weak." ( see here) However, as the authors noted, other factors such as medication taken simultaneously or incorrect identification could not be ruled out. It is also important to note that toxic alkaloids are found in higher amounts in the root, therefore making the leaf a safer option for internal use.Īn exhaustive review of literature found 8 suspected cases of adverse events from oral intake of Comfrey. ![]() Further, echimidine is the most toxic PA in comfrey species and is found in higher amounts in Russian and Prickly Comfrey, not S. However, Russian comfrey (Symphytum peregrinum), contains higher levels of the diester, which, is known to have a greater toxicity." ( See here). Its topical use is regarded as safe.Īccording to Hoffman, "Between 85% and 97% of the PAs in Symphytum officinale (True/Common) commonly grown in American gardens are built around the less toxic retronecine monoester. However, it is best avoided in the very young, elderly, while pregnant and breastfeeding, and in those with Liver disease. In these cases, use for 2–3 weeks should pose no risk. In general, Comfrey is traditionally used for short periods of time, especially as a wound herb. However, research has demonstrated potential Hepatotoxic effects. In parts of Europe, Comfrey has been traditionally eaten as a food where there are reportedly no greater incidences of Liver disease. Should not be used in those with Liver disease.Ĭomfrey, like other Pyrrolizidine-alkaloid (PA) containing plants has become controversial and its internal use is banned in a number of countries. Not used during Pregnancy or while breastfeedingĢ. Powder to Break Blood Above and Below (Nicholas)ġ. Powder for Hernia (Pharmacopoeia Extemporanea) Powder for After-pains (Midwife to the Queen of France) Syrup of Plantain and Comfrey (Boyles Syrup) Universal Vulnerary Decoction (Joseph Du Chesne) Emollient Gargle, decoct Comfrey root with. available in PRO version( Gazophylacium Medico-Physicum, Woyts, 1746)ĩ. Internally for Fractures, put Comfrey and. Vulnerary formulas for Wounds and Trauma: Wounds, Trauma, Bruising, and Internal Bleeding: Hemoptysis and other types of Bleeding from Heat, Comfrey with. ![]()
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